How is technical writing different from academic writing? difference between technical writing and academic writing ppt.
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This medicine is given through a needle placed in a vein. You should urinate right away and as often as possible for 4 to 6 hours after receiving this medicine. Drink plenty of fluids before and after receiving this medicine so you will pass more urine.
Technetium (Tc-99m) is an isotope commonly used in a number of medical diagnostic imaging scans. Tc99m is used as a radioactive tracer for nuclear medicine; which is a form of medical imaging that assesses how particular parts of our body are working or functioning.
Technetium-99 can pose a health risk when it enters the body. Once in the human body, Tc-99 concentrates in the thyroid gland and the gastrointestinal tract. However, the body constantly gets rid of Tc-99 in feces.
Tc-99m can be used to look at cardiac damage. The isotope flows in the blood stream; if there is less blood flow in the heart, there will be less isotope concentrated in the heart muscle. Similar information can be obtained for blood flow in the brain.
Americium-241 is used as a neutron source in non-destructive testing of machinery and equipment, and as a thickness gauge in the glass industry. However, its most common application is as an ionization source in smoke detectors, and most of the several kilograms of americium made each year are used in this way.
Technetium-99m MDP Tc-99m emits 140 keV gamma rays upon decay, and these gamma rays are detected by nuclear gamma cameras to allow localizing where the Tc-99m travels within the body. For imaging bone metabolism, the radionuclide is usually attached to medronic acid (methylene diphosphonate).
Scintigraphy is used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) is injected into a vein or swallowed. Different radionuclides travel through the blood to different organs.
Mo-99 is produced in the uranium-bearing targets by irradiating them with thermal neutrons. Some of the U-235 nuclei absorb these neutrons, which can cause them to fission. The fission of the U-235 nucleus produces two but sometimes three lower-mass nuclei referred to as fission fragments.
Technetium-99m has a photopeak of gamma-ray emission of 140.5 keV, making it a very minimal risk of toxicity.
The nuclear imaging agent is out of your system within 60 hours, but it is always decaying so it becomes minimal in a relatively short period of time.
Technetium -99m is produced by bombarding molybdenum 98Mo with neutrons. The resultant 99Mo decays with a half-life of 66 hours to the metastable state of Tc . … The dominant decay mode gives the useful gamma ray at 140.5 keV.
How long does a SPECT-CT scan take? It takes 30–40 minutes to obtain the SPECT and CT images, then you are allowed to leave.
A MUGA scan creates a video of the blood pumping through the lower chambers, or ventricles, of the heart. This shows if there are problems with the way the heart is pumping and blood flow. A MUGA scan is often done before a person starts cancer treatment.
Radioisotopes are an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. In combination with imaging devices which register the gamma rays emitted from within, they can be used for imaging to study the dynamic processes taking place in various parts of the body.
A radioactive form of the element phosphorus. It is used in the laboratory to label DNA and proteins. It has also been used to treat a blood disorder called polycythemia vera and certain types of leukemia, but it is not commonly used anymore.
Americium and Health It poses a more significant risk if ingested (swallowed) or inhaled. Once in the body, it tends to concentrate in the bone, liver, and muscle. Americium can stay in the body for decades and continue to expose the surrounding tissues to radiation, increasing the risk of developing cancer.
One isotope of cadmium, cadmium-109, is sometimes used to analyze metal alloys. It provides a way of keeping track of the alloys in stock and sorting different forms of scrap metal from each other.
The more active the bone turnover, the more radioactive material will be seen. Some tumors, fractures and infections show up as areas of increased uptake. Others can cause decreased uptake of radioactive material.
Thus, increased radiotracer uptake occurs with multiple pathologic processes such as fractures, infection, malignant disease and less commonly encountered osseous diseases like Paget disease, fibrous dysplasia, osteoid osteoma, and complex regional pain syndrome.
During a CT scan, you lie in a tunnel-like machine while the inside of the machine rotates and takes a series of X-rays from different angles. These pictures are then sent to a computer, where they’re combined to create images of slices, or cross-sections, of the body.
Gastric emptying (GE) scintigraphy is commonly used as a standard diagnostic procedure for the assessment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Results of the study are often reported as either normal or delayed GE times.
Gamma Scintigraphy (Bone Scan) The process works by injecting a radioactive substance that seeks out changes in bone. These can be viewed using a gamma ray camera, which produces digital images.
Molybdenum-98 Trioxide (Molybdenum-98) is a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of Molybdenum. It is both naturally occurring and a produced by fission.
Technetium-99m was discovered as a product of cyclotron bombardment of molybdenum. This procedure produced molybdenum-99, a radionuclide with a longer half-life (2.75 days), which decays to 99mTc.
China produces the vast majority of the world’s molybdenum supply by a large margin. The country’s molybdenum output fell by 10,000 MT in 2020 to come in at 120,000 MT for the year. The molybdenum market as a whole is closely tied to China, and not just because the country produces so much of the metal.
Technetium is a radioactive element, with no stable isotopes. With an atomic number of 43, it is the lightest unstable element. … The short answer is that there is no number of neutrons you can put in a technetium atom to form a stable nucleus.
The test is done to see if your heart muscle is getting enough blood flow and oxygen when it is working hard (under stress). Your provider may order this test to find out: How well a treatment (medicines, angioplasty, or heart surgery) is working. If you are at high risk for heart disease or complications.
The nurse will help you with them after you are awake. You will not be allowed to eat or drink until the medicine used to numb your throat wears off. This usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. You may not drive yourself home after your test.
What are the limitations of General Nuclear Medicine? Nuclear medicine procedures can be time consuming. It can take several hours to days for the radiotracer to accumulate in the area of interest. Plus, imaging may take up to several hours to perform.
Technetium-99m is produced relatively inexpensively using a generator. Molybdenum-99 suspended on an alumina column decays (t½ = 66 h) to form technetium-99m. … The technetium-99m half-life of 6 h allows time for preparation of the radiotracer, distribution and patient imaging.
Technetium was created by bombarding molybdenum atoms with deuterons that had been accelerated by a device called a cyclotron. Today, technetium is produced by bombarding molybdenum-98 with neutrons.
Almost all of the Tc-99m used in nuclear medicine today is produced by radioactive decay of Mo-99. Mo-99 decays with about a 66-hour half-life by emitting a beta particle. About 88 percent of the decays produce Tc-99m via the pathway depicted in Figure 2.1.
You may be asked to lie quietly in a room for 20 minutes or more before your scan while your body absorbs the radioactive tracer. In some cases, you may need to wait several hours or, rarely, several days between the injection and your SPECT scan.
A CT scan is taken with an x-ray scanner rotating around the body region being studied. A SPECT scan is taken with a gamma scanner rotating around the body region being studied, which takes much longer than the CT scan.
A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan is an imaging test that shows how blood flows to tissues and organs. It may be used to help diagnose seizures, stroke, stress fractures, infections, and tumors in the spine.
But how each test generates images is fundamentally different: A MUGA scan is a nuclear medicine test that uses gamma rays and a chemical tracer to generate images of your heart. An echocardiogram uses high-frequency sound waves and a transducer with a special gel to generate ultrasound images of your heart.
Doctors often choose MUGA scans over traditional echocardiograms or other tests because they produce highly accurate LVEF measures. Additionally, because they are minimally invasive, MUGA scans help doctors measure a patient’s cardiac function over a long period of time.
The MUGA scan is considered a safe test and the risks are generally low. The heart has 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.