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Contents
The relationship between, if you take it according to Mencius, parent and child, minister and ruler, husband and wife, older and younger brother, friend and friend. Those five relationships and the fact of human relatedness are of crucial importance in the Confucian tradition.
Within Confucianism there are five constant virtues or wu chang (五常). In descending order of importance, the virtues are benevolence or ren (仁), righteousness or yi (义), propriety or li (理), wisdom or zhi (智) and fidelity or xin (信).
The concepts of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice and the moral values of these four prima facie principles have been expressly identified in Confucius’ ethics.
Confucius strongly believed in the importance of inferiors listening to and obeying superiors. He also maintained that there were five critical relationships in Chinese society. The Five Relationships were emperor and subject, father and son, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friend and friend.
Very prominent in the Confucian tradition is the idea of the five relationships between, if you take it according to Mencius, parent and child, minister and ruler, husband and wife, older and younger brother, friend and friend.
The most improtant relationship in Confucianism is between parent and child.
The second most famous Confucian thinker Mencius (372-289 BC) identifies five ‘cardinal relations’, four of which are clearly hierarchical: ruler and subject, father and son, old and young, and husband and wife (Aristotle too sees the latter as an unequal relationship).
The three most important relationships are between father and son, lord and retainer, and husband and wife. The five most important virtues are benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness.
The virtue consists of being respectful to one’s parents and always obeying them. Filial piety is an important factor for Confucius because ancient Chinese society, before his time, was based on the family unit.
Confucian virtues are given different emphases in Confucianism. Under the “eight cardinal virtues,” the virtues include “zhong” (loyalty), “xiao” (filial piety), “ren” (benevolence), “ai” (affection), “xin” (trustworthiness), “yi” (righteousness), “he” (harmony), and “ping” (peace). …
Confucius believed harmony is the key to cultivating oneself and patience with oneself and others leads to peacefulness. Further concepts of harmony involve self-restraint and propriety. Self-restraint is a virtue that minimizes conflicts with others and is naturally intertwined with propriety.
Confucius taught six arts: (1) ritual, (2) music, (3) archery, (4) charioteering, (5) calligraphy and (6) mathematics. These subjects included both knowledge from classic texts and knowledge achieved by doing and practising.
Confucian has a notion of equality bases friendship, his primary focus is on relationships between two people at different level of a family (father and son, elder and younger brother) or a society (ruler and subject) in which defines one’s position in interpersonal relations and also defines the rules for one’s …
This working out of Li is especially important in what Confucianism holds as the Five Key Relationships; they are the relationship of ruler to subject, father to son, husband to wife, elder to younger and friend to friend. If one follows the concept of Li, each of these relationships will be marked with harmony.
The Five Constant Relationships outline how one should act in society, being the relationships between parent and child, husband and wife, elder sibling and junior sibling, elder friend and junior friend, and ruler and subject. … Older friends are to be considerate, younger friends reverential.
Government and society in China were grounded in the Confucian philosophy, which held that there was a basic order in the universe and a natural harmony linking man, nature, and the cosmos (heaven); it also held that man was by nature a social being, and that the natural order of the universe should be reflected in …
And five centuries before Christ, Confucius set forth his own Golden Rule: “Do not impose on others what you do not wish for yourself.“.
The Song Dynasty philosopher Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073) is seen as the first true “pioneer” of neo-Confucianism, using Daoist metaphysics as a framework for his ethical philosophy.
How did Confucianism influence Chinese society and government? It helped produce well-trained government officials and helped society by making a code of conduct so they will be organized.
The main idea of Confucianism is the importance of having a good moral character, which can then affect the world around that person through the idea of “cosmic harmony.” If the emperor has moral perfection, his rule will be peaceful and benevolent.
Over the next several centuries, this teaching tool was added to and eventually rearranged into 20 ‘books’. These books together are called The Analects of Confucius or simply, The Analects, and were an anthology of quotes from Confucius and his disciples, important events in his life, and descriptions of him.
Ren. Ren is the highest virtue or ideal in Confucianism. This virtue is the culmination of all virtues and includes moral excellence, love, and all virtues at their highest possible attainment.
Basically, Chinese religion involves allegiance to the shen, often translated as “spirits”, defining a variety of gods and immortals. These may be deities of the natural environment or ancestral principles of human groups, concepts of civility, culture heroes, many of whom feature in Chinese mythology and history.
Though closer to a philosophy than a true religion, Confucianism was a way of life for ancient Chinese people, and it continues to influence Chinese culture today. … This is why Confucianism is considered a philosophy rather than a religion, even though it is often lumped in with other major religions.
Confucius believed that, except for friendship, none of these relationships were equal. For example, he felt that older people were superior to younger ones and men were superior to women.
Mencius 3A.4 [1]Imperial Rescript on Education [2]Ruler and minister:Rightness 義Loyalty and Filial piety 忠 孝 [3]Husband and wife:Differentiation 別Harmony 和Elder and younger siblings:Precedence 序Affection 親Friend and friend:Trust / honesty 信Trust / honesty 信
The worldly concern of Confucianism rests upon the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucian thought focuses on the cultivation of virtue in a morally organised world.