What are three mechanisms by which transcription factors regulate eukaryotic gene expression?

• Transcription, initiation, elongation and termination.
• RNA processing.
• mRNA transport.
• RNA stability.
• Translation.

Eukaryotic Repressors Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by repressors as well as by transcriptional activators. Like their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic repressors bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit transcription.

Gene regulation ensures that the appropriate genes are expressed at the proper times. Gene regulation can also help an organism respond to its environment. Gene regulation is accomplished by a variety of mechanisms including chemically modifying genes and using regulatory proteins to turn genes on or off.

As described in more detail below, transcription factors may be classified by their (1) mechanism of action, (2) regulatory function, or (3) sequence homology (and hence structural similarity) in their DNA-binding domains.

Prokaryotic gene expression is primarily controlled at the level of transcription. Eukaryotic gene expression is controlled at the levels of epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation.

Regulation of transcription can be broken down into three main routes of influence; genetic (direct interaction of a control factor with the gene), modulation interaction of a control factor with the transcription machinery and epigenetic (non-sequence changes in DNA structure that influence transcription).

Eukaryotic transcription is carried out in the nucleus of the cell and proceeds in three sequential stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Eukaryotes require transcription factors to first bind to the promoter region and then help recruit the appropriate polymerase.

Specifically, gene expression is controlled on two levels. First, transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a particular gene. The second level of control is through post-transcriptional events that regulate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

A regulatory mechanism is the combination of steps or processes that an organism can engage to ensure that a biological process is controlled.

Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. … Other transcription factors bind to regulatory sequences, such as enhancer sequences, and can either stimulate or repress transcription of the related gene.

Although all stages of gene expression can be regulated, the main control point for many genes is transcription. Later stages of regulation often refine the gene expression patterns that are “roughed out” during transcription.

The holoenzyme consists of a preformed complex of RNA polymerase II, the general transcription factors TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH, and several other proteins that activate transcription.

Like prokaryotes, eukaryotes can control gene expression at the levels of transcription, translation, and post-translation.

refers to the phenomenon that the level of gene expression can be controlled so that genes can be expressed at high or low levels. … Transcription factor. to describe proteins that influence the ability of RNA polymerase to transcribe a given gene.

The regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic cells occurs at the transcriptional level. There are two majors kinds of proteins that control prokaryotic transcription: repressors and activators. … Inducer molecules can increase transcription either by inactivating repressors or by activating activator proteins.

Eukaryotes have three types of RNA polymerases, I, II, and III, and prokaryotes only have one type. … Another main difference between the two is that transcription and translation occurs simultaneously in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes the RNA is first transcribed in the nucleus and then translated in the cytoplasm.

Eukaryotic organisms express a subset of the DNA that is encoded in any given cell. In each cell type, the type and amount of protein is regulated by controlling gene expression. To express a protein, the DNA is first transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. … Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures.

Like regulation by the trp repressor, attenuation is a mechanism for reducing expression of the trp operon when levels of tryptophan are high. However, rather than blocking initiation of transcription, attenuation prevents completion of transcription.

Transcription factors are proteins possessing domains that bind to the DNA of promoter or enhancer regions of specific genes. They also possess a domain that interacts with RNA polymerase II or other transcription factors and consequently regulates the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) produced by the gene.

Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm alongside translation. Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.

Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.

​Transcription = Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes.

The regulation of gene expression conserves energy and space. It would require a significant amount of energy for an organism to express every gene at all times, so it is more energy efficient to turn on the genes only when they are required.

Transcription factor (TF) genes encode DNA-binding proteins. In all organisms, TFs play central roles in transcription by regulating gene expression. TFs are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as development and cell cycle control. TFs comprise one of the largest known groups of genes.

General transcription factors bind to specific sites on DNA to activate transcription. They are accessory proteins that assemble directly on the promoter and position RNA polymerase, pull apart the double helix, and launch the RNA polymerase to begin transcription.

What is the role of transcription factors? Transcription factors are required for RNA pol II binding to promoter. TFs are DNA binding proteins, but can also bind other TFs. They assist in bringing RNA pol II in close proximity of the promoter.

Acetylation and methylation are the mechanisms of protein regulation named. These mechanisms each earned a point for a total of 2 points. Each mechanism is also discussed: “Histone acetylation brings acetyl groups that are positively charged and cause the H1 histones to not bind to each other as tightly.

• Transcriptional regulation.
• mRNA processing.
• Regulation of mature mRNA.
• Translation.
• Post-translation.

Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. … Groups of transcription factor binding sites called enhancers and silencers can turn a gene on/off in specific parts of the body.