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Injuries consistent with blunt force trauma incidents Contusions, abrasions and lacerations. Crush injuries that may necessitate amputation. Head injuries and associated brain damage. Spinal cord injuries leading to paralysis.
Blunt force trauma can often lead to bruising and blood clots. Bruising occurs when the blood vessels on the surface of the soft tissue of skin are broken, typically resulting in a temporary discoloration of the skin.
Examples of Blunt Trauma Car accidents, when rapid deceleration pushes the body into the dashboard, steering wheel, or seatbelt. Collision between a pedestrian or bicyclist and a motor vehicle. Contact collisions in sports. Physical assaults, such as a punch to the body.
Blunt abdominal trauma usually results from motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), assaults, recreational accidents, or falls. The most commonly injured organs are the spleen, liver, retroperitoneum, small bowel, kidneys (see the image below), bladder, colorectum, diaphragm, and pancreas.
A blunt force head trauma is a severe injury to the head. The main concern with this type of injury is that it could cause a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is an extremely serious injury that can cause life-long health issues and even death. Head injuries require significant monitoring by medical professionals.
Recovery time can range between a few days to a few weeks. Though many cases of muscle bruising heal on their own, more severe muscle injuries may require medical attention. If your symptoms don’t improve within a few days of developing the injury, see your doctor.
The appearance of a blunt force injury is determined by several variables, including the impacting weapon or surface, the anatomic site impacted, and individual factors including skin elasticity and coagulability status. Abraded contusion on the back. Two abraded lacerations on the forehead.
Blunt trauma occurs when the force applied to the body is not sharp in nature. Forensic medicine refers to blunt versus sharp injuries. Thus gunshot wounds (GSW) are classified as blunt to the medical examiner because the bullet is not a sharp imple- ment.
Internal bleeding may occur after any significant physical injury. There are two main types of trauma, and either may cause internal bleeding: Blunt trauma. This kind of trauma happens when a body part collides with something else, usually at high speed.
Examples include embalming artifacts, lacerations (blunt force trauma), and decapitation injuries from sudden deceleration. A laceration (from blunt force trauma) of the neck mimicking a sharp force injury.
The spleen and liver are the two most commonly injured organs. Hollow organs are less likely to be injured. Penetrating injuries occur when an object breaks the skin (for example, as a result of a gunshot or a stabbing).
In abdominal injuries, liver trauma is the leading cause of death. The most common way liver gets injured is in blunt abdominal trauma. By trauma, the identification of serious intra-abdominal injuries is a challenging task; many injuries may not be apparent during the initial assessment and treatment period.
It’s common to find all three types of burns within the same wound. Unlike other burns, which are very painful, a full-thickness burn may not hurt when touched. This is because the nerve endings responsible for sensation are destroyed. The burned area can appear waxy and white, gray and leathery, or charred and black.
The long-term effects caused by traumatic brain injury may include speech and language problems, chronic headaches, changes or loss of vision, taste or smell and coma. The damage can be worsened by internal bleeding of the brain.
Battle’s sign is a crescent-shaped bruise that appears behind one or both ears. It was named after an English surgeon, Dr. William Henry Battle, and can be an indication of a serious head injury. The skull is made up of more than 20 different bones.
If you fall and hit your head, it’s important to call your doctor or 911 right away. Signs and symptoms of a moderate to serious head injury may include: Abnormal behavior. Excessive sleepiness.
Essentially, the bone particles are compressed but not enough to cause a fracture. While bone bruises are less severe than bone fractures, they can make the bone more vulnerable to fracture. In some cases, a bone bruise can be excruciatingly painful, severely limit movements, and take several months to heal.
Hematoma symptoms: The symptoms of a hematoma are usually more severe than those of a bruise. Symptoms might appear immediately after the injury, or they may take several weeks to show up. In addition to pain, tenderness and skin discoloration, you may experience serious symptoms.
From a forensic perspective, it is important to use the correct terminology when describing wounds. Lacerations are caused by blunt-force trauma. The hallmark of lacerations is the presence of tissue bridging. Incised wounds are caused by sharp-force trauma, usually by a sharp-edged object.
A scar from a trauma or blunt force will always be worse than a clean surgical scar from a scalpel blade. Treatment will also depend greatly on if your scar was recent or old, and how old. We will determine the qualities of the scar (color, width, texture, firmness, red or raised).
The most common type of vessel trauma due to a canine bite was an occlusion (60%) [15], but there are usually two components of a dog bite, a penetrating injury usually causing puncture or laceration to the vessel and a blunt one which may be the more clinically significant injury [13].
Injuries are often caused by one of three mecha- nisms: compression, tension, or shearing.
- weakness, usually on one side of your body.
- numbness, usually on one side of your body.
- tingling, especially in hands and feet.
- severe, sudden headache.
- difficulty swallowing or chewing.
- change in vision or hearing.
- loss of balance, coordination, and eye focus.
In severe pelvic fractures (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] > or =4), the incidence of associated intraabdominal injuries was 30.7%, and the most commonly injured organs were the bladder and urethra (14.6%).
The symptoms of internal bleeding can vary from one case to the next. It can be sudden and rapid with extreme pain, shock, and fainting. Or, it can be slow and “silent” with few symptoms until the total loss of blood is extreme.
It may be near the surface of the skin, or deeper. A deep cut can affect tendons, muscles, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, or bone. A puncture is a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth. Puncture wounds often appear to be on the surface, but may extend into the deeper tissue layers.
Defensive wounds are often found on the hands and forearms, where the victim has raised them to protect the head and face or to fend off an assault, but may also be present on the feet and legs where a victim attempts defense while lying down and kicking out at the assailant.
Most skin wounds heal within 10 days. But even with proper treatment, a wound infection may occur. Check the wound daily for signs of infection listed below. Return to have stitches or staples removed as instructed by your healthcare provider.
What is a blunt abdominal injury? A blunt abdominal injury is a direct blow to the abdomen without an open wound. Organs such as your pancreas, liver, spleen, or bladder may be injured. Your intestines may also be injured. These injuries may cause internal bleeding.
Spleen is the most common cause of massive bleeding in blunt abdominal trauma to a solid organ. Spleen is the most commonly injured organ. A laceration of the spleen may be associated with hematoma. Because of the spleen’s ability to bleed profusely, a ruptured spleen can be life-threatening, resulting in shock.
Life-threatening problems that can require immediate surgical intervention include: Heart emergencies — heart attacks, aortic dissection, and aneurysms. Spinal cord and brain injuries — brain hemorrhaging (bleeding), skull fracture, spinal cord compression, and back and neck fractures.
The initial management of the patient with blunt abdominal trauma should parallel the primary survey of airway, breathing, and circulation. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage remains the cornerstone of triage in patients with life-threatening blunt abdominal trauma.
- Left ureter.
- Part of your colon.
- Lower portion of your left kidney.
- Part of your colon.
- Left ovary (for females)
- Left fallopian tube (for females)
- Left spermatic cord (for males)
Recognizing complications of abdominal trauma Patients with sudden worsening of abdominal pain in the days following injury should be suspected of having a ruptured solid organ hematoma or a delayed hollow viscus perforation, particularly if they have tachycardia and/or hypotension.
All deep burns require treatment to prevent infection and scarring. Third-degree burns are the most serious type and can be life-threatening. However, first- and second-degree burns are more painful. If you or a loved one has a blistering burn, prompt medical attention can aid healing.
First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling. Second-degree burns affect both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering.
Third-degree burns involve damage or complete destruction of the skin to its full depth and damage to underlying tissues. People who experience such burns often require skin grafting. The swelling and blistering characteristic of burns are caused by the loss of fluid from damaged blood vessels.