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What Are Medicines? Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the diagnosis of illnesses. Advances in medicines have enabled doctors to cure many diseases and save lives.
Polypharmacy is most commonly defined as the use of five or more medications daily by an individual.
therapeutics, treatment and care of a patient for the purpose of both preventing and combating disease or alleviating pain or injury. The term comes from the Greek therapeutikos, which means “inclined to serve.”
- Fentanyl. …
- Heroin. …
- Cocaine. …
- Methadone. …
- Oxycodone. …
- Morphine. …
- Methamphetamines (Meth) Methamphetamine, or Meth, classified as a Stimulant, has fluctuated in popularity. …
- Xanax (Alprazolam) Closing out the list of the 10 most dangerous drugs is Xanax, or Alprazolam, a Benzodiazepine that helps treat anxiety.
- alcohol.
- tobacco.
- cannabis.
- methamphetamines (e.g. MDMA) and other stimulants such as cocaine.
- new psychoactive substances – synthetic drugs.
- opioids, including heroin.
- the non-medical use of prescription drugs.
Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain from conditions such as muscle aches, toothaches, common cold, and headaches. It may also be used to reduce pain and swelling in conditions such as arthritis. Aspirin is known as a salicylate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Abstract. Pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by that of another drug in a combination regimen. DDIs often are classified as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic in nature, albeit these terms are frequently misused.
| multidrug regimen | multiple drug prescribing |
|---|---|
| multidrug therapy | multiple drug therapy |
The most important properties of an ideal drug are: effectiveness, safety, and selectivity.
- Methods to Administer Drugs.
- Chemotherapy.
- Drug Therapies.
- Biosimilars.
- Watch and Wait.
- Radiation Therapy.
- Immunotherapy.
- Vaccine Therapy.
Pharmacology is the study of how a drug affects a biological system and how the body responds to the drug. The discipline encompasses the sources, chemical properties, biological effects and therapeutic uses of drugs. These effects can be therapeutic or toxic, depending on many factors.
- Clarithromycin. …
- Clozapine. …
- Cocaine. …
- Colchicine. …
- Cough Medicines. …
- Digoxin. …
- Heroin. Heroin is an illicit recreational Opioid drug made from Morphine. …
- Semi-Synthetic Opioids. Common semi-Synthetic Opioids include Percocet, Vicodin, and OxyContin.
- Depressants. Some of the most commonly found types of drugs in society are depressants. …
- Stimulants. Stimulants, such as caffeine or nicotine, work in the opposite manner. …
- Opioids. The opioid addiction crisis has affected our society to a grave degree. …
- Hallucinogens.
What is penicillin? Penicillin V is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs. It fights bacteria in your body. Penicillin V is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as ear infections,. Penicillin V may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.
- Stroke or heart attack.
- Overdose.
- Addiction.
- Emotional issues, such as mood swings and paranoia.
- Stimulants.
- Inhalants.
- Cannabinoids.
- Depressants.
- Opioids.
- Steroids.
- Hallucinogens.
- Prescription drugs.
- (1) Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. CNS depressants slow down the operations of the brain and the body. …
- (2) CNS Stimulants. …
- (3) Hallucinogens. …
- (4) Dissociative Anesthetics. …
- (5) Narcotic Analgesics. …
- (6) Inhalants. …
- (7) Cannabis.
What is Paracetamol? Compared to aspirin, paracetamol is a relative newcomer on the painkilling scene. It was identified in the 19th century as a potential replacement for aspirin when natural sources of the drug became scarce.
For the relief of mild to moderate pain in headaches including tension headaches, migraine headaches, toothache, neuralgia, period pains, rheumatic pain, lumbago and sciatica. To relieve the symptoms of influenza, feverishness, feverish colds and ease sore throats. Disprin Direct disperses on the tongue without water.
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medicine. It prevents platelets (a type of blood cell) from sticking together and forming a dangerous blood clot. Taking clopidogrel helps prevent blood clots if you have an increased risk of having them.
Abstract. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics are pharmaceutical disciplines useful to improve the outcome of drug therapies, assist drug product development, and establish pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics models and in vitro-in vivo correlations.
The difference between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) can be summed up pretty simply. Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug, and Pharmacodynamics is the study of what the drug does to the body.
Agonist: A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action. Agonist is the opposite of antagonist. Antagonists and agonists are key players in the chemistry of the human body and in pharmacology.
Polypharmacy, defined as regular use of at least five medications, is common in older adults and younger at-risk populations and increases the risk of adverse medical outcomes.
- Decongestants, such as those that contain pseudoephedrine.
- Pain medicines (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen.
- Cold and flu medicines. …
- Some antacids and other stomach medicines. …
- Some herbal remedies and dietary supplements.
- Right Medication. …
- Right Child. …
- Right Dose. …
- Right Time. …
- Right Route. …
- Right Reason. …
- Right Documentation.
Paracetamol is a common painkiller used to treat aches and pain. It can also be used to reduce a high temperature. It’s available combined with other painkillers and anti-sickness medicines. It’s also an ingredient in a wide range of cold and flu remedies.
a. Partition Coefficient. The partition coefficient is the measure of the lipophilicity of a drug and an indication of its ability to cross the cell membrane. It is defined as the ratio between un-ionized drug distributed between the organic and aqueous layers at equilibrium.
Key aspects to be considered are a high unmet medical need (no drug is available or existing therapies have serious limitations with regard to efficacy or safety or both) and there is a reasonable market size. The full therapeutic potential of many drug targets is often not obvious at the time of their discovery.
The purpose of using drugs is to relieve symptoms, treat infection, reduce the risk of future disease, and destroy selected cells such as in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. The best treatment, however, may not require a drug at all.
- When considering only their chemical makeup, there are six main classifications of drugs: alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, barbiturates, and hallucinogens. …
- Classifications of drugs are also based on the various effects they have on the mind and on the body.
Pharmacology is a branch of science that deals with the study of drugs and their actions on living systems – that is, the study of how drugs work in the body (sometimes referred to as ‘drug actions’).
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any human-made, natural or endogenous substance. Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing and dispensing the drugs studied and produced by pharmacologists.
Opium has been known for millennia to relieve pain and its use for surgical analgesia has been recorded for several centuries. The Sumerian clay tablet (about 2100 BC) is considered to be the world’s oldest recorded list of medical prescriptions.
There is increasing suspicion that several drugs in four widely used classes of non-cardiovascular medications-fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants– are pro-arrhythmic and thus increase the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Brain scans have confirmed that intermittent sugar consumption affects the brain in ways similar to certain drugs. A highly cited study in the journal Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews found that sugar—as pervasive as it is—meets the criteria for a substance of abuse and may be addictive to those who binge on it.
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.